Valium

__Valium__ ​//by Toby Xie (Blk D)//

Diazepam, AKA Valium is a complex organic compound, possessing the chemical name "7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one," meaning a molecule of Valium has 16 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. Valium, having been initially synthesized by Dr. Leo Sternbach in 1961, is made using the following method. First, benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl) must react with p-chloroaniline (ClC6H4NH2) to make 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone (C13H10ClNO). Afterwards, the reactive chemical hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is added to the resulting 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone, converting it to an oxime (R1R2C=NOH). Then, using chloroacetyl chloride (C2H2Cl2O) which turns it into a cyclic compund, and after ring enlargement with alkali treatment (the theurapeutic use of alkali which are basic, ionic salts of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)), 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one-4-oxide is made. It is finally methylated (this means that a group in the compound will be replaced by a methyl group) and reduced, forming diazepam (valium).

Valium is a widely known and powerful drug that was first made available in 1963. The drug is used to treat many things, including anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, acute (mild) seizures and restless legs syndrome. It does so by altering chemicals in the brain that may influence an unbalance, including causing anxiety. However, as with other drugs, valium has many undesirable side effects including confusion, depression, weak breathing, hallucinations, fever, dizziness, skin rash, headache, nausea, and even birth defects in the fetuses of pregnant women. More dire side effects may occur if a user either misses a dose, overdoses, or consumes alcohol while taking valium.

An interesting yet, gloomy fact about diazepam (valium) is that it is abused between users worldwide, causing more harm than the good that is intended. In fact, ever since it's release into markets around the world, many people have suffered the wrath of the drug's many side effects, which sometimes even results in death, as consequences of overdosing on valium. This is because the controversial drug, which is considered to be overmarketed, is constantly (and sometimes carelessly) prescribed by physicians as the lone "tranquilizer" to deal with symptoms, leading many users to overdose on the drug (even in public on the streets). Not only can too much of the drug be fatal, the users may also develop an addiction to valium, creating a constant dependency on the the drug and may continue to experience shallowing breathing, dizziness, suicidal thoughts, and even fainting.

//Valium Tablets// //Valium Abuser//

//Diazepam Structure//

__SOURCES:__ [](Valium) [](Valium) [](Diazepam) [](Signs and Symptoms of Valium Addiction) [](Diazepam)